{"site":"Ipamorelin Co","url":"https://ipamorelinco.com","format":"evidence-manifest/v1","claim_count":50,"claims":[{"id":"IPA-001","text":"Ipamorelin is a synthetic pentapeptide, sequence Aib-His-D-2-Nal-D-Phe-Lys-NH2, molecular formula C38H49N9O5, molecular weight 711.9, CAS 170851-70-4, UNII Y9M3S784Z6, PubChem CID 9831659.","source_url":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/9831659","grade":"chemical-reference","grade_label":"Chemical reference","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph","https://ipamorelinco.com/entity"]},{"id":"IPA-002","text":"Ipamorelin was developed by Novo Nordisk under the internal code NNC 26-0161.","source_url":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/9831659","grade":"chemical-reference","grade_label":"Chemical reference","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph","https://ipamorelinco.com/entity","https://ipamorelinco.com"]},{"id":"IPA-003","text":"No FDA-approved drug product containing ipamorelin exists; a Drugs@FDA active-ingredient query returns no matches.","source_url":"https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/","grade":"regulatory","grade_label":"Regulatory record","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph","https://ipamorelinco.com/faq","https://ipamorelinco.com"]},{"id":"IPA-004","text":"FDA placed ipamorelin acetate in Category 2 of the bulk substances nominated under section 503B, effective September 29, 2023. Category 2 lists bulk drug substances that may present significant safety risks.","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/certain-bulk-drug-substances-use-compounding-may-present-significant-safety-risks","grade":"regulatory","grade_label":"Regulatory record","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph","https://ipamorelinco.com/faq","https://ipamorelinco.com","https://ipamorelinco.com/entity"]},{"id":"IPA-005","text":"FDA states that compounded drugs containing ipamorelin acetate may pose risk for immunogenicity for certain routes of administration due to potential aggregation or peptide-related impurities, and that ipamorelin acetate contains unnatural amino acids that add to the complexity of peptide characterization.","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/certain-bulk-drug-substances-use-compounding-may-present-significant-safety-risks","grade":"regulatory","grade_label":"Regulatory record","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph","https://ipamorelinco.com/faq"]},{"id":"IPA-006","text":"FDA's Category 2 entry states that a study published in the literature identified serious adverse events, including death, when ipamorelin was administered intravenously for improving gastric motility, and that FDA lacks sufficient information about other injectable routes.","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/certain-bulk-drug-substances-use-compounding-may-present-significant-safety-risks","grade":"regulatory","grade_label":"Regulatory record","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph","https://ipamorelinco.com/faq"]},{"id":"IPA-007","text":"Compounded drugs are not FDA-approved: FDA does not verify their safety, effectiveness or quality before they are marketed.","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/compounding-and-fda-questions-and-answers","grade":"regulatory","grade_label":"Regulatory record","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph","https://ipamorelinco.com/faq"]},{"id":"IPA-008","text":"In vitro, ipamorelin released GH from primary rat pituitary cells with potency and efficacy similar to GHRP-6 (EC50 1.3 nmol/L, Emax 85% of GHRP-6 reference).","source_url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/9849822","grade":"in-vitro","grade_label":"In vitro","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph"]},{"id":"IPA-009","text":"In anaesthetised rats ipamorelin released GH with ED50 80 nmol/kg; in conscious swine, ED50 2.3 nmol/kg, comparable to GHRP-6.","source_url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/9849822","grade":"animal","grade_label":"Animal","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph"]},{"id":"IPA-010","text":"In swine, ipamorelin did not raise ACTH or cortisol significantly above what GHRH itself produces, even at doses more than 200-fold higher than the ED50 for GH release; none of the secretagogues tested affected FSH, LH, prolactin or TSH.","source_url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/9849822","grade":"animal","grade_label":"Animal","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph","https://ipamorelinco.com/faq"]},{"id":"IPA-011","text":"Raun 1998 concluded ipamorelin is the first GHRP-receptor agonist with a selectivity for GH release similar to that displayed by GHRH, making it a candidate for clinical development.","source_url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/9849822","grade":"animal","grade_label":"Animal","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph","https://ipamorelinco.com"]},{"id":"IPA-012","text":"The human pharmacokinetic trial infused ipamorelin intravenously at five escalating rates (4.21 to 140.45 nmol/kg over 15 minutes) in eight healthy male subjects per dose level.","source_url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/10496658","grade":"human-pk","grade_label":"Human PK","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph","https://ipamorelinco.com/tools"]},{"id":"IPA-013","text":"In healthy men, intravenous ipamorelin showed dose-proportional pharmacokinetics with a terminal half-life of about 2 hours, clearance 0.078 L/h/kg and steady-state volume of distribution 0.22 L/kg.","source_url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/10496658","grade":"human-pk","grade_label":"Human PK","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph","https://ipamorelinco.com/faq","https://ipamorelinco.com/comparison","https://ipamorelinco.com/tools"]},{"id":"IPA-014","text":"A single intravenous dose of ipamorelin produced one episode of GH release peaking at about 0.67 hours (40 minutes), with GH declining to negligible concentrations at all dose levels; the concentration for half-maximal GH stimulation was 214 nmol/L.","source_url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/10496658","grade":"human-pk","grade_label":"Human PK","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph"]},{"id":"IPA-015","text":"The phase 2 proof-of-concept trial (NCT00672074) randomized adults after bowel resection to ipamorelin 0.03 mg/kg intravenously twice daily or placebo for up to 7 days; 117 patients enrolled, 114 in the modified intent-to-treat population.","source_url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/25331030","grade":"human-rct","grade_label":"Human RCT","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph","https://ipamorelinco.com/faq","https://ipamorelinco.com/tools"]},{"id":"IPA-016","text":"The phase 2 proof-of-concept trial failed its key efficacy endpoint: median time to first tolerated meal was 25.3 hours on ipamorelin vs 32.6 hours on placebo, p = 0.15, with no significant differences in key or secondary efficacy analyses.","source_url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/25331030","grade":"human-rct","grade_label":"Human RCT","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph","https://ipamorelinco.com/faq","https://ipamorelinco.com","https://ipamorelinco.com/comparison"]},{"id":"IPA-017","text":"In the phase 2 trial, treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in 87.5% of ipamorelin patients and 94.8% of placebo patients, and the authors described 0.03 mg/kg twice daily as well tolerated in this postsurgical population.","source_url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/25331030","grade":"human-rct","grade_label":"Human RCT","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph","https://ipamorelinco.com/faq"]},{"id":"IPA-018","text":"A second, larger phase 2 dose-finding trial (NCT01280344) enrolled 320 patients after bowel resection across three ipamorelin regimens (0.03 mg/kg twice daily, 0.06 mg/kg twice daily, 0.06 mg/kg three times daily) versus placebo, completed May 2014.","source_url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT01280344","grade":"registry","grade_label":"Registry record","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph","https://ipamorelinco.com/faq","https://ipamorelinco.com/tools"]},{"id":"IPA-019","text":"No results were ever posted to ClinicalTrials.gov for either ipamorelin phase 2 trial, and as of August 14, 2026 no publication reporting the 320-patient dose-finding trial's results appears among the 54 PubMed-indexed ipamorelin records.","source_url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT01280344","grade":"absence-of-evidence","grade_label":"Absence of evidence","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph","https://ipamorelinco.com/faq","https://ipamorelinco.com"]},{"id":"IPA-020","text":"No randomized human trial of ipamorelin for muscle gain, fat loss, body composition, anti-aging, recovery, sleep or injury exists in the PubMed-indexed literature as of August 14, 2026.","source_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7108996/","grade":"absence-of-evidence","grade_label":"Absence of evidence","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph","https://ipamorelinco.com/faq","https://ipamorelinco.com"]},{"id":"IPA-021","text":"In rats, subcutaneous ipamorelin (18, 90, 450 micrograms/day, divided three times daily for 15 days) dose-dependently increased longitudinal bone growth rate from 42 to up to 52 micrometers/day and increased body weight gain, without changing total IGF-I levels.","source_url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/10373343","grade":"animal","grade_label":"Animal","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph","https://ipamorelinco.com/tools"]},{"id":"IPA-022","text":"In adult female rats, 12 weeks of continuous subcutaneous ipamorelin (0.5 mg/kg/day) increased bone mineral content, but the increase came from larger bone dimensions; volumetric bone mineral density was unchanged.","source_url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/10828840","grade":"animal","grade_label":"Animal","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph","https://ipamorelinco.com/tools"]},{"id":"IPA-023","text":"In glucocorticoid-treated adult rats, ipamorelin (100 micrograms/kg three times daily for 3 months) increased maximum tetanic muscle tension and quadrupled the periosteal bone formation rate compared with glucocorticoid alone.","source_url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/11735244","grade":"animal","grade_label":"Animal","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph","https://ipamorelinco.com/tools"]},{"id":"IPA-024","text":"In rats on methylprednisolone, the GH response to ipamorelin was preserved, and ipamorelin (0.4 or 1.6 mg/kg/day IV for 10 days) reduced steroid-associated weight loss (from 13.6 g lost on steroid alone to 1.6 to 2.3 g) with rising IGF-I.","source_url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/10629165","grade":"animal","grade_label":"Animal","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph"]},{"id":"IPA-025","text":"In prednisolone-treated rats, ipamorelin (0.5 mg/kg/day for 7 days) reduced the hepatic capacity of urea-nitrogen synthesis by 20% and neutralised nitrogen balance, though less efficiently than growth hormone at the doses given.","source_url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/19231263","grade":"animal","grade_label":"Animal","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph"]},{"id":"IPA-026","text":"In a rat model of postoperative ileus, a single intravenous dose of ipamorelin (1 mg/kg) shortened time to first bowel movement, and repeated dosing increased fecal output, food intake and weight gain.","source_url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/19289567","grade":"animal","grade_label":"Animal","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph","https://ipamorelinco.com/tools"]},{"id":"IPA-027","text":"In a rat gastroparesis model, intravenous ipamorelin accelerated gastric emptying (52% of the meal remaining vs 78% in vehicle controls) and restored inhibited gastric smooth-muscle contractility.","source_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4863553/","grade":"animal","grade_label":"Animal","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph"]},{"id":"IPA-028","text":"In mice, ipamorelin increased body fat through GH-independent mechanisms: fat pad weights, serum leptin and food intake rose, including in GH-deficient animals.","source_url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/11162489","grade":"animal","grade_label":"Animal","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph","https://ipamorelinco.com/faq"]},{"id":"IPA-029","text":"Ipamorelin evoked significant insulin release from pancreatic tissue of both normal and diabetic rats, acting through calcium channels and adrenergic pathways.","source_url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/15665799","grade":"animal-and-in-vitro","grade_label":"Animal and in vitro","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph"]},{"id":"IPA-030","text":"In young female rats treated for 21 days, ipamorelin increased the volume density of somatotroph secretion granules without changing the proportion of somatotroph cells.","source_url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/12168778","grade":"animal","grade_label":"Animal","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph"]},{"id":"IPA-031","text":"In ferrets receiving cisplatin, intraperitoneal ipamorelin (1 to 3 mg/kg) had no effect on emesis but reduced delayed-phase weight loss by about 24%.","source_url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/39043357","grade":"animal","grade_label":"Animal","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph"]},{"id":"IPA-032","text":"In rats, ipamorelin cleared 5-fold more slowly than GHRP-6, was mainly excreted intact in urine, and showed roughly 20% nasal bioavailability.","source_url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/9879640","grade":"animal-pk","grade_label":"Animal PK","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph"]},{"id":"IPA-033","text":"Novo Nordisk built a follow-on chemistry program on ipamorelin seeking oral compounds; in dogs, oral ipamorelin at 2.7 mg/kg raised basal GH more than 10-fold, and the derived tetrapeptide NNC 26-0235 showed 10% oral bioavailability.","source_url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/9733495","grade":"animal","grade_label":"Animal","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph"]},{"id":"IPA-034","text":"A 2026 endocrinology review states that combining ipamorelin with CJC-1295 is largely driven by anecdotal rationale, without controlled clinical evidence supporting synergy.","source_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13322892/","grade":"review","grade_label":"Review or guideline","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph","https://ipamorelinco.com/faq","https://ipamorelinco.com/comparison"]},{"id":"IPA-035","text":"The same 2026 review documents the internet-protocol reality: bodybuilding forums describe 200 to 300 micrograms subcutaneously 2 or 3 times daily, typically cycled 8 to 12 weeks and often combined with CJC-1295 without DAC. These doses come from forums, not trials.","source_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13322892/","grade":"review","grade_label":"Review or guideline","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph","https://ipamorelinco.com/faq","https://ipamorelinco.com/tools"]},{"id":"IPA-036","text":"The 2026 review describes ipamorelin's cortisol and prolactin sparing as documented for single-dose human exposure but theoretical for chronic use, and notes the cleaner endocrine profile 'is often presented as a practical distinction' in marketing of secretagogues.","source_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13322892/","grade":"review","grade_label":"Review or guideline","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph","https://ipamorelinco.com/faq"]},{"id":"IPA-037","text":"The 2026 review records that the failed proof-of-concept trial in postoperative ileus 'tempered further clinical investigation' of ipamorelin.","source_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13322892/","grade":"review","grade_label":"Review or guideline","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph","https://ipamorelinco.com/faq"]},{"id":"IPA-038","text":"A 2020 urology review of growth hormone secretagogues, including ipamorelin, concludes that a paucity of clinical-effect data limits understanding of their clinical role in hypogonadal men.","source_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7108996/","grade":"review","grade_label":"Review or guideline","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph","https://ipamorelinco.com/faq"]},{"id":"IPA-039","text":"A 2026 sports-medicine review names ipamorelin among unapproved peptides sold through a parallel gray market operating largely outside regulatory oversight, with scarce rigorous human safety data and potential for serious harm.","source_url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/41966639","grade":"review","grade_label":"Review or guideline","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph"]},{"id":"IPA-040","text":"Forensic analysis of black-market growth-promoting products identified a glycine-extended ipamorelin analog (Gly-Ipamorelin) rather than the labeled compound, confirmed by custom synthesis.","source_url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/29864719","grade":"chemical-reference","grade_label":"Chemical reference","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph"]},{"id":"IPA-041","text":"Danish customs seizures of unknown pharmaceutical powders were identified as glycine-modified analogs of GHRP-2, GHRP-6, ipamorelin and modified GRF 1-29.","source_url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/30136411","grade":"chemical-reference","grade_label":"Chemical reference","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph"]},{"id":"IPA-042","text":"Ipamorelin is prohibited at all times under the WADA Prohibited List, named under S2.2.4 growth hormone secretagogues (GHS) and their mimetics.","source_url":"https://www.wada-ama.org/sites/default/files/2025-09/2026list_en_final_clean_september_2025.pdf","grade":"regulatory","grade_label":"Regulatory record","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph","https://ipamorelinco.com/faq"]},{"id":"IPA-043","text":"CJC-1295, sermorelin and tesamorelin are prohibited under the same WADA section, listed as GHRH analogues (S2.2.4).","source_url":"https://www.wada-ama.org/sites/default/files/2025-09/2026list_en_final_clean_september_2025.pdf","grade":"regulatory","grade_label":"Regulatory record","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/comparison","https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph"]},{"id":"IPA-044","text":"FDA has identified serious adverse events associated with CJC-1295, including increased heart rate and systemic vasodilatory reaction, and notes available clinical data are limited.","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/certain-bulk-drug-substances-use-compounding-may-present-significant-safety-risks","grade":"regulatory","grade_label":"Regulatory record","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph","https://ipamorelinco.com/comparison"]},{"id":"IPA-045","text":"In healthy adults, CJC-1295 showed an estimated half-life of 5.8 to 8.1 days, raised GH 2- to 10-fold for 6 days or more and IGF-I 1.5- to 3-fold for 9 to 11 days after single injections.","source_url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/16352683","grade":"human-pk","grade_label":"Human PK","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/comparison","https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph"]},{"id":"IPA-046","text":"GHRH(1-29), the sermorelin peptide, has a disappearance half-time of about 4.3 minutes after intravenous administration in normal men.","source_url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/7962295","grade":"human-pk","grade_label":"Human PK","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/comparison"]},{"id":"IPA-047","text":"Sermorelin was formerly FDA-approved as Geref; FDA formally determined it was not withdrawn from sale for reasons of safety or effectiveness.","source_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2013/03/04/2013-04827/determination-that-geref-sermorelin-acetate-injection-05-milligrams-basevial-and-10-milligrams","grade":"regulatory","grade_label":"Regulatory record","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/comparison"]},{"id":"IPA-048","text":"Tesamorelin (Egrifta) is the one FDA-approved GHRH-analog product, approved November 10, 2010 under application 022505.","source_url":"https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=022505","grade":"regulatory","grade_label":"Regulatory record","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph","https://ipamorelinco.com/decision_aid"]},{"id":"IPA-049","text":"This site's evidence table contains 16 study rows with a species column; 3 rows are human (one PK study, one randomized trial, one registry record), and 13 are animal or laboratory rows; the reference list contains 33 fetch-verified citations, 24 peer-reviewed and 9 government or registry.","source_url":"https://ipamorelinco.com","grade":"internal-measurement","grade_label":"Internal measurement","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com","https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph"]},{"id":"IPA-050","text":"Zero rows of this site's study table are human trials of muscle gain, fat loss, body composition, anti-aging, sleep or recovery; every human row is pharmacokinetics or postoperative ileus.","source_url":"https://ipamorelinco.com","grade":"internal-measurement","grade_label":"Internal measurement","used_on":["https://ipamorelinco.com","https://ipamorelinco.com/monograph","https://ipamorelinco.com/faq"]}]}